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Abstract: Some occurrences of rare or unusual bird species reported by us in a previous paper (Ostrich 86(3): 267–276, 2015) are considered to be doubtful by Hogg and Vande weghe (Ostrich 88(1): 83–88, 2017). We believe that some of the problems raised are taxonomic. The main objective of our study was to obtain reliable estimates of bird diversity. The ‘judgement’ made by Hogg and Vande weghe of the appropriateness of specific observations in our study is based on a probabilistic view based on observations mainly made by the ‘public along roads’, which is not the ideal sampling method for estimation of bird diversity due to its sampling biases. Effort needed for an observation to qualify while bird watching is not the same as when studying overall bird diversity. © 2017 NISC (Pty) Ltd.
Source title: Ostrich
DOI: 10.2989/00306525.2017.1302750
Link: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85016930943&doi=10.2989%2f00306525.2017.1302750&partnerID=40&md5=c48c25ead6fd879eb5bad2c2ea863c10
Correspondence Address: Gatali, C.; Department of Wildlife and Aquatic Resources Management, University of RwandaRwanda; email: callixte.gatali99@gmail.com
Language of Original Document: English
Access Type: Note
Country: ; Rwanda ;
Protected area: Akagera
Main topic: Biodiversity
Subtopic: Animals ; Vertebrates ; Birds ; Survey / Monitoring ; Diversity

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Abstract: Objectives: Great apes show considerable diversity in socioecology and life history, but knowledge of their physical growth in natural settings is scarce. We characterized linear body size growth in wild mountain gorillas from Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda, a population distinguished by its extreme folivory and accelerated life histories. Methods: In 131 individuals (0.09–35.26 years), we used non-invasive parallel laser photogrammetry to measure body length, back width, arm length and two head dimensions. Nonparametric LOESS regression was used to characterize cross-sectional distance and velocity growth curves for males and females, and consider links with key life history milestones. Results: Sex differences became evident between 8.5 and 10.0 years of age. Thereafter, female growth velocities declined, while males showed increased growth velocities until 10.0–14.5 years across dimensions. Body dimensions varied in growth; females and males reached 98% of maximum body length at 11.7 and 13.1 years, respectively. Females attained 95.3% of maximum body length by mean age at first birth. Neonates were 31% of maternal size, and doubled in size by mean weaning age. Males reached maximum body and arm length and back width before emigration, but experienced continued growth in head dimensions. Conclusions: While comparable data are scarce, our findings provide preliminary support for the prediction that mountain gorillas reach maximum body size at earlier ages compared to more frugivorous western gorillas. Data from other wild populations are needed to better understand comparative great ape development, and investigate links between trajectories of physical, behavioral, and reproductive maturation. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Source title: American Journal of Physical Anthropology
DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23232
Link: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85018939971&doi=10.1002%2fajpa.23232&partnerID=40&md5=e412a410daa9f20dddab3d488268a04a
Correspondence Address: Galbany, J.; Department of Anthropology, Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, The George Washington UniversityUnited States; email: jgalbany@gwu.edu
Language of Original Document: English
Access Type: Article
Country: ; Rwanda ;
Protected area: Volcans
Main topic: Biodiversity
Subtopic: Animals ; Vertebrates ; Mammals ; Primates ; Biology / Ecology

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Abstract: Key message: Understanding species-specific response as well as wedging and zero xylem growth is vital for tree-ring analysis of tropical understory trees. Abstract: Knowledge on intra-annual xylem growth remains understudied in tropical regions, especially for understory species. However, it is important to disentangle seasonal tree response in this complex environment. The aim is to assess intra-annual wood formation and its variability in selected understory tree species of a semi-deciduous tropical forest. The cambium of four species from the Luki reserve of the Mayombe (DR Congo) was monthly marked at the stem base via the pinning method. To assess ring anomalies on the stem disks, digitization of the last 5–10 rings was performed along the circumference. Relative growth was determined based on X-ray CT volumes of the pinning zone, as well as on sanded surfaces and microsections. Stem disks allowed to visualize ring anomalies and growth variations. Intra-annual growth was successfully derived via X-ray CT and could be fitted with a Gompertz function. A species-specific response is observed, although there is circumferential variability. However, the most remarkable result is that many of the trees in the data set had no xylem formation at the stem base, throughout the entire season, thus forming missing rings. Intra-annual variability in growth illustrates the different responses of species and individual trees to environmental drivers. Phenology might explain the differences, although site and competition should be considered as well. A large number of trees show no xylem growth at all, apart from wound-induced local growth, causing missing rings which have important implications for the tree-ring analysis in tropical regions. © 2016, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Source title: Trees - Structure and Function
DOI: 10.1007/s00468-016-1454-x
Link: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84982305886&doi=10.1007%2fs00468-016-1454-x&partnerID=40&md5=35aa5c6c01d00b83ef06f8223bb86ca3
Correspondence Address: De Mil, T.; Laboratory of Wood Technology, Department of Forest and Water Management, UGCT-Woodlab-UGent, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Belgium; email: tom.demil@ugent.be
Language of Original Document: English
Access Type: Article
Country: ; Democratic Republic of Congo ;
Protected area: Luki
Main topic: Biodiversity
Subtopic: Plants ; Biology / Ecology

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Abstract: [No abstract available]
Source title: African Journal of Ecology
DOI: 10.1111/aje.12371
Link: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85013900809&doi=10.1111%2faje.12371&partnerID=40&md5=509226d67ac6e09f1c893f9cf22234d0
Correspondence Address: Giordano, A.J.; S.P.E.C.I.E.S., P.O. Box 7403, United States; email: species1@hotmail.com
Language of Original Document: English
Access Type: Article
Country: ; Cameroon ;
Protected area: Waza
Main topic: Biodiversity
Subtopic: Animals ; Vertebrates ; Mammals ; Carnivores ; Survey / Monitoring

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Abstract: As a result of different types of disturbance, forests are a mixture of stands at different stages of ecological succession. Successional stage is likely to influence forest productivity and carbon storage, linking the degree of forest disturbance to the global carbon cycle and climate. Although tropical montane forests are an important part of tropical forest ecosystems (ca. 8%, elevation > 1000ma.s.l.), there are still significant knowledge gaps regarding the carbon dynamics and stocks of these forests, and how these differ between early (ES) and late successional (LS) stages. This study examines the carbon (C) stock, relative growth rate (RGR) and net primary production (NPP) of ES and LS forest stands in an Afromontane tropical rainforest using data from inventories of quantitatively important ecosystem compartments in fifteen 0.5ha plots in Nyungwe National Park in Rwanda. The total C stock was 35% larger in LS compared to ES plots due to significantly larger above-ground biomass (AGB; 185 and 76MgCh-1 in LS and ES plots), while the soil and root C stock (down to 45cm depth in the mineral soil) did not significantly differ between the two successional stages (178 and 204MgCh-1 in LS and ES plots). The main reasons for the difference in AGB were that ES trees had significantly lower stature and wood density compared to LS trees. However, ES and LS stands had similar total NPP (canopy, wood and roots of all plots ?1/4 9.4MgCh-1) due to counterbalancing effects of differences in AGB (higher in LS stands) and RGR (higher in ES stands). The AGB in the LS plots was considerably higher than the average value reported for old-growth tropical montane forest of south-east Asia and Central and South America at similar elevations and temperatures, and of the same magnitude as in tropical lowland forest of these regions. The results of this study highlight the importance of accounting for disturbance regimes and differences in wood density and allometry of tree species dominating at different successional stages in an attempt to quantify the C stock and sink strength of tropical montane forests and how they may differ among continents. © Author(s) 2017.
Source title: Biogeosciences
DOI: 10.5194/bg-14-1285-2017
Link: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85015346385&doi=10.5194%2fbg-14-1285-2017&partnerID=40&md5=d72aeb4bfbf7bad7c517311963ec8b95
Correspondence Address: Nyirambangutse, B.; Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 461, Sweden; email: brigittenyiridandi@gmail.com
Language of Original Document: English
Access Type: Article
Country: ; Rwanda ;
Protected area: Nyungwe
Main topic: Biodiversity
Subtopic: Plants ; Structure / Biomass

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Abstract: Maternal cannibalism, whereby a mother consumes her own offspring, occurs in various animal taxa and is commonly explained by nutritional stress or environmental pressures. It is rare in nonhuman primates and is considered an aberrant behavior only observed under high-stress conditions. It was therefore surprising when, in the first reported case of cannibalism in wild bonobos, a mother consumed part of the dead infant at LuiKotale. Here we report two more cases of maternal cannibalism by wild bonobos at two different study sites, Wamba and Kokolopori. The dead infants’ mothers participated in the cannibalism in both cases. At Kokolopori, although the mother did consume part of the carcass, it was held and shared by another dominant female. At Wamba, the mother was a dominant female within the community and was the primary consumer of the carcass. In both cases, cannibalism resembled other meat-eating events, with the dominant female controlling meat consumption. Infanticide was not observed in either case, but its occurrence could not be ruled out. Although rare, the occurrence of maternal cannibalism at three different study sites suggests that this may represent part of the behavioral repertoire of bonobos, rather than an aberrant behavior. © 2016, Japan Monkey Centre and Springer Japan.
Source title: Primates
DOI: 10.1007/s10329-016-0582-7
Link: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84992360834&doi=10.1007%2fs10329-016-0582-7&partnerID=40&md5=67427ee46931be98b0da5f4e6cc2459e
Correspondence Address: Tokuyama, N.; Primate Research Institute, University of KyotoJapan; email: Tokuyama.nahoko.47x@kyoto-u.jp
Language of Original Document: English
Access Type: Article
Country: ; Democratic Republic of Congo ;
Protected area: Kokolopori Bonobo Reserve ; Luo Scientific Reserve
Main topic: Biodiversity
Subtopic: Animals ; Vertebrates ; Mammals ; Primates ; Biology / Ecology

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Abstract: As forest products from Cameroon and DR Congo are commercialised, a value chain is created from harvesters, processors, and retailers to consumers worldwide. In contrast to dominant narratives focusing on regulations and customs, these chains are actually governed by dynamic, multiple arrangements regulating access to resources and markets. New institutions have been created, led by project-related civil society organisations and enterprises. These increasingly take on roles traditionally the reserve of governments. In some chains, the state performs its duties, in others not. Customary authorities, projects, non-government organisations and market institutions fill some voids. Often actors with little voice in formal governance create their own messy, bricolaged arrangements, and governance based on 'exclusiveness' produces some of the most sustainable chains and livelihoods in the long term. The different governance arrangements and combinations affect the livelihoods of those involved in chains, forests and their sustainability in different ways, both positively and negatively. © 2018 BMJ Publishing Group. All rights reserved.
Source title: International Forestry Review
DOI: 10.1505/146554817822407394
Link: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85050237656&doi=10.1505%2f146554817822407394&partnerID=40&md5=831941131fff1f9f796b64b60e2916b2
Correspondence Address: Ingram, V.; Forest and Nature Conservation Policy GroupNetherlands; email: verina.ingram@wur.nl
Language of Original Document: English
Access Type: Article
Country: ; Cameroon ; Democratic Republic of Congo ;
Protected area: Many
Main topic: Humans
Subtopic: Income-generating activities ; Non-timber forest products ; Governance / Policy

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Abstract: Primate seed dispersal plays an important role in forest regeneration. It may be particularly important to anthropogenically disturbed habitats such as forest fragments. However, few studies have examined primate seed dispersal in these types of environments. Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) are frugivorous and large-bodied, and are therefore able to disperse both large and small seeds, making them an important seed dispersal species. We examined chimpanzee seed dispersal in Gishwati forest, a 14 km2 montane rainforest fragment in Rwanda. We systematically collected ?24-hr-old fecal samples and counted the number of seeds of each fruit species. We also recorded observations of seeds found in wadges. We found that chimpanzees dispersed at least 18 fruit species in 14 families in their feces. Ninety-five percent of feces had seeds, the most common of which were Ficus spp., Myrianthus holstii, and Maesa lanceolata. We estimated that the Gishwati chimpanzee community with a density of 1.7 individuals per km2 dispersed an average of 592 (>2 mm) seeds km?2 day?1. We also found that chimpanzees dispersed the seeds of at least two fruit species, Ficus spp. and Chrysophyllum gorungosanum, in their wadges. In addition, 17% of the tree species recorded in our vegetation plots were chimpanzee-dispersed. This study emphasizes the importance of chimpanzees as large seed dispersers in regenerating forest fragments. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Chimpanzees in Gishwati disperse a significant number of large seeds. Large-bodied seed dispersers, like chimpanzees, are particularly important in regenerating forest fragments. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Source title: American Journal of Primatology
DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22624
Link: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85006371635&doi=10.1002%2fajp.22624&partnerID=40&md5=14c413976a287192e70c13b8fbadd7aa
Correspondence Address: Chancellor, R.L.; Department of Anthropology and Sociology, West Chester UniversityUnited States; email: rchancellor@wcupa.edu
Language of Original Document: English
Access Type: Article
Country: ; Rwanda ;
Protected area: Gishwati-Mukura
Main topic: Biodiversity
Subtopic: Animals ; Vertebrates ; Mammals ; Primates ; Biology / Ecology ; Survey / Monitoring ; Plants

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Abstract: Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea is among the important places in Africa for the conservation of primates, but a cultural preference for bushmeat and a lack of effective law enforcement has encouraged commercial bushmeat hunting, threatening the survival of the remaining primate population. For over 13 years, we collected bushmeat market data in the Malabo market, recording over 35,000 primate carcasses, documenting “mardi gras” consumption patterns, seasonal carcass availability, and negative effects resulting from government intervention. We also conducted forest surveys throughout Bioko's two protected areas in order to localize and quantify primate populations and hunting pressure. Using these data, we were able to document the significant negative impact bushmeat hunting had on monkey populations, estimate which species are most vulnerable to hunting, and develop ecological niche models to approximate the distribution of each of Bioko's diurnal primate species. These results also have allowed for the identification of primate hotspots, such as the critically important southwest region of the Gran Caldera Scientific Reserve, and thus, priority areas for conservation on Bioko, leading to more comprehensive conservation recommendations. Current and future efforts now focus on bridging the gap between investigators and legislators in order to develop and effectively implement a management plan for Bioko's Gran Caldera Scientific Reserve and to develop a targeted educational campaign to reduce demand by changing consumer attitudes toward bushmeat. Using this multidisciplinary approach, informed by biological, socioeconomic, and cultural research, there may yet be a positive future for the primates of Bioko. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Source title: American Journal of Primatology
DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22663
Link: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85017409831&doi=10.1002%2fajp.22663&partnerID=40&md5=b63f41d864e8cbcfb0c48e08a4f33140
Correspondence Address: Cronin, D.T.; SMART Partnership, Wildlife Conservation SocietyUnited States; email: cronin.drew@gmail.com
Language of Original Document: English
Access Type: Review
Country: ; Equatorial Guinea ;
Protected area: Pico de Basilé ; Caldera de Luba
Main topic: Humans ; Biodiversity
Subtopic: Hunting / Poaching ; Conservation initiatives ; Governance / Policy ; Income-generating activities ; Perceptions / Behaviors ; Animals ; Vertebrates ; Mammals ; Primates ; Survey / Monitoring ; Diversity

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Abstract: Aims: Gilbertiodendron dewevrei (De Wild.) J.Léonard monodominant forests (MOF) and Scorodophloeus zenkeri Harms mixed forests (MIF) frequently co-occur on similar soil conditions in the Central Congo basin. Although tree species composition is known to impact C storage, the patterns of C sequestration between those contrasted forest types as well as the associated drivers remain unknown. Methods: Annual litterfall, as well as soil (forest floor and mineral soil down to 220 cm depth) organic C (SOC) and aboveground C (AGC) stocks were investigated in MIF and MOF located on highly weathered sandy soils in the Yoko Reserve (DRC). Results: The annual leaf litterfall was similar under both forests but litterfall quality in MOF strongly differed by a set of traits related to organic matter recalcitrance. The SOC stock down to 220 cm was 55% higher under MOF compared to MIF, and the differences between forests remained significant down to 100 cm. While the combined SOC and AGC stocks were similar in both forests, the SOC stocks accounted for ca. 19 and 33% of the total C stocks in MIF and MOF, respectively. Conclusions: Because of similar litterfall C inputs, we conclude that the greater SOC accumulation under G. dewevrei results from a limitation of the decomposition rate, in agreement with the traits of the corresponding leaf litter. © 2016, Springer International Publishing Switzerland.
Source title: Plant and Soil
DOI: 10.1007/s11104-016-3130-8
Link: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85000879078&doi=10.1007%2fs11104-016-3130-8&partnerID=40&md5=efd796a24bf505df022df4a75289da81
Correspondence Address: Cassart, B.; UCL-ELI, Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2, L7.05.09, Belgium; email: benoit.cassart@uclouvain.be
Language of Original Document: English
Access Type: Article
Country: ; Democratic Republic of Congo ;
Protected area: Yoko
Main topic: Biodiversity ; Environment
Subtopic: Plants ; Survey / Monitoring ; Diversity ; Biology / Ecology ; Geology / Pedology

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Abstract: Summary São Tomé holds 20 endemic bird species, including the little known and 'Critically Endangered' Dwarf Olive Ibis Bostrychia bocagei, São Tomé Fiscal Lanius newtoni and São Tomé Grosbeak Neospiza concolor. We conducted a systematic survey of the core forest area, performing 1,680 point counts and compiling occasional observations, which enabled the identification of new areas of occurrence for the target species. MaxEnt distribution modelling suggested that the ibis and fiscal have roughly half of the potential area of occurrence that had been assumed (127 and 117 km2, respectively), while it more than doubled that of the grosbeak (187 km2). The south-west central region of the island, most of which is included in the São Tomé Obô Natural Park, has the highest potential for the Critically Endangered birds. We confirmed the association of all target species with native forest. The ibis preferred high tree density, while the fiscal selected low tree density and intermediate altitudes. Despite very restricted ranges, population sizes seem to be larger than previously assumed. These results suggest that the fiscal and grosbeak might be better classified as 'Endangered', while the ibis should maintain its status under different criteria, due to a very restricted range during the breeding season. This work provides vital ecological knowledge to support conservation action focusing on these species and their habitats, highlighting the need to improve the effectiveness of the São Tomé Obô Natural Park in protecting its unique biodiversity. © BirdLife International 2016A.
Source title: Bird Conservation International
DOI: 10.1017/S0959270916000241
Link: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84995459749&doi=10.1017%2fS0959270916000241&partnerID=40&md5=b20194abe52f2afccc8eb61e4f063b95
Correspondence Address: Lima, R.F.D.; CE3C-Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Universidade de LisboaPortugal; email: rfaustinol@gmail.com
Language of Original Document: English
Access Type: Article
Country: ; São Tomé and Príncipe ;
Protected area: Parque Natural Obô de São Tomé
Main topic: Biodiversity
Subtopic: Animals ; Vertebrates ; Birds ; Survey / Monitoring ; Diversity ; Biology / Ecology

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Abstract: This study aims at assessing mantid diversity and community structure in a part of the territory of the Sangha Tri-National UNESCO World Heritage Site in the Central African Republic (CAR), including the special forest reserve of Dzanga-Sangha, the Dzanga-Ndoki National Park. The study area is located in the biome of the dense tropical rainforest of the Congo Basin, the second largest area of tropical forest behind the Amazon basin, and one of the last regions on earth where pristine forest ecosystems persist. Between 1984 and 2012, eight collecting campaigns were conducted by P. Annoyer, M. Loubes and S. Danflous, with the aim of documenting invertebrate diversity in this remote and poorly studied area. Mantids were collected in different habitats and microhabitats using four harvesting techniques: visual hunting (threshing, mowing), active search in the trees, autonomous UV collecting (Remote Canopy Trap) and classical light trapping with mercury light. Community patterns were assessed using rarefaction curves and diversity estimators (ACE). Specimens (n = 25) were also found at the National Museum of Natural History (MNHN) of Paris. Seventy-one species of Mantodea are recorded from Sangha-Mbaere Region in the CAR from 1232 specimens. This is the first synthesis published about Mantodea in CAR. Some new species are present in the genera Cataspilota, Galepsus and Chlidonoptera. Taxonomic revisions of these genera are in progress. Some genera need global revision like Plistospilota, Miomantis, Entella, and Galepsus. This type of work is the first on the mantids in Central Africa since the various inventories carried out in the sixties and seventies, which were mainly based on lists of species. The contribution of data on ecology and biogeography is a novelty.
Source title: Journal of Orthoptera Research
DOI: 10.3897/jor.26.19863
Link: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85038965394&doi=10.3897%2fjor.26.19863&partnerID=40&md5=764fe26a9dc51d6e5ca8e37798cc56a9
Correspondence Address: Moulin, N.82, route de l’école, Hameau de Saveaumare, France; email: nmentomo@gmail.com
Language of Original Document: English
Access Type: Article
Country: ; Central African Republic ;
Protected area: Dzanga-Sangha ; Dzanga-Ndoki
Main topic: Biodiversity
Subtopic: Animals ; Invertebrates ; Survey / Monitoring ; Diversity ; Taxonomy

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Abstract: The multidisciplinary and comparative PIAF program (ANR Jeunes Chercheurs 2014-2018) uses perceptions and discourse relating to biodiversity to investigate local understandings of environmental change and strategies for adaptation to those changes. Beginning from the hypothesis that a person's connection to the environment differs according to his or her degree of dependence on natural resources and place of residence, we examine perceptions and strategies on an urban-rural-protected area gradient in four northern and southern countries (France, the United States, Cameroon, and Zimbabwe). PIAF brings together social and natural scientists who seek to contribute to our understanding of perceptions and knowledge related to environmental change and, more globally, to our understanding of social-ecological interactions in a situation of change, social and environmental tensions, and dynamics of socio-ecological systems. © 2017 NSS-Dialogues, EDP Sciences.
Source title: Natures Sciences Societes
DOI: 10.1051/nss/2017009
Link: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85021416581&doi=10.1051%2fnss%2f2017009&partnerID=40&md5=773d99fb2898dbc50f218a9873a2f724
Correspondence Address: Sourdril, A.; Anthropology, CNRS, UMR7533 LadyssFrance; email: asourdril@u-paris10.fr
Language of Original Document: English
Access Type: Article
Country: ; Cameroon ;
Protected area: Bénoué
Main topic: Humans
Subtopic: Perceptions / Behaviors

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Abstract: Increased anthropogenic activity can result in parasite exchanges and/or general changes in parasite communities, imposing a health risk to great apes. We studied protist and helminth parasites of wild western lowland gorilla groups in different levels of habituation, alongside humans inhabiting Dzanga-Sangha Protected Areas in the Central African Republic. Faeces were collected yearly during November and December from 2007 to 2010 and monthly from November 2010 to October 2011. Protist and helminth infections were compared among gorilla groups habituated, under habituation and unhabituated, and the effect of host traits and seasonality was evaluated. Zoonotic potential of parasites found in humans was assessed. No significant differences in clinically important parasites among the groups in different stages of habituation were found, except for Entamoeba spp. However, humans were infected with four taxa which may overlap with taxa found in gorillas. Females were less infected with spirurids, and adults had higher intensities of infection of Mammomonogamus sp. We found seasonal differences in the prevalence of several parasite taxa, but most importantly, the intensity of infection of unidentified strongylids was higher in the dry season. This study highlights that habituation may not necessarily pose a greater risk of protist and helminth infections in gorilla groups. © 2017, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany.
Source title: Parasitology Research
DOI: 10.1007/s00436-017-5667-8
Link: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85033406891&doi=10.1007%2fs00436-017-5667-8&partnerID=40&md5=43e3f55449edadf27fb667d762b83c96
Correspondence Address: Paf?o, B.; Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého t?. 1946/1, Czech Republic; email: barafrikacar@gmail.com
Language of Original Document: English
Access Type: Article
Country: ; Central African Republic ;
Protected area: Dzanga-Sangha
Main topic: Health
Subtopic: Animal health

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Abstract: To understand the functioning of montane forests, this study was conducted in the highlands of the Kahuzi-Biega National Park in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The relationship between the altitude and the floristic stability of woody layers and regeneration capability of canopy species after many years of disturbance was studied. Ten 1-ha plots were established from 1935m to 2760m a.s.l. In each plot we inventoried the trees ?10cm of diameter at breast height (DBH), separating a canopy layer (10% of the tallest trees) and an understorey layer (all the other trees). In each plot, we nested a 0.1 ha subplot to inventory the saplings between 1 and 10 cm DBH. We found that the Jaccard index of dissimilarity between the understorey layer and the canopy layer decreases with the altitude. The proportion of species which are well represented in the three layers increases with the altitude. The number of pioneer species decreases with the altitude while that of non-pioneer and shade tolerant species increases. These findings suggest that altitude influences the stability of highland forests, higher altitude being more stable than lower ones in the case of this study. © 2017, ALÖKI Kft.
Source title: Applied Ecology and Environmental Research
DOI: 10.15666/aeer/1504_16971713
Link: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85035041724&doi=10.15666%2faeer%2f1504_16971713&partnerID=40&md5=77e97640f687c7904226106c66cecd8d
Correspondence Address: Cirimwami, L.; Université du Cinquantenaire, Faculté de Sciences, LwiroDemocratic Republic Congo; email: legrand.cirimwami@unikis.ac.cd
Language of Original Document: English
Access Type: Article
Country: ; Democratic Republic of Congo ;
Protected area: Kahuzi-Biega
Main topic: Biodiversity
Subtopic: Plants ; Survey / Monitoring ; Diversity ; Biology / Ecology

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Abstract: [No abstract available]
Source title: Nature
DOI: 10.1038/543S56a
Link: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85016488175&doi=10.1038%2f543S56a&partnerID=40&md5=15022b61cf8144094a2ee16371af51e7
Correspondence Address: Willyard, C.United States
Language of Original Document: English
Access Type: Short Survey
Country: ; Republic of Congo ; Rwanda ;
Protected area: Odzala Kokoua ; Lossi ; Volcans
Main topic: Health
Subtopic: Animal health

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Abstract: Résumé: L’inventaire et les caractéristiques des plantes apicoles à la périphérie du Parc National de Manda (Tchad) ont été étudiés à travers des relevés floristiques, une analyse florale et des enquêtes ethnobotaniques effectués pendant la saison sèche de Décembre à Mars 2014. 78 espèces apicoles, appartenant à 35 familles ont été caractérisées. Les familles des Ceasalpiniaceae, Combretaceae et Mimosaceae représentaient respectivement 15.4; 10.3 et 10.3% de la flore apicole. Les ligneux étaient le type biologique fréquemment exploité par les abeilles. Vingt couleurs des fleurs ont été recensées, la couleur blanche (17.9%) étaient la plus sollicitée. La flore apicole autour de ce parc était majoritairement spontanée (79.4%). Pendant leur visite, les abeilles prélevaient essentiellement les grains de pollen, ce qui indiquerait leur contribution potentielle à la pollinisation. Aussi, ces abeilles étaient très sélectives avec seulement 12.8 des espèces intensément butinées, ce qui expliquerait la faible production du miel actuellement observée dans la région. Ces résultats montrent que la flore apicole autour du Parc se caractérise par une diversité spécifique appréciable mais un potentiel mellifère faiblement exploité. Les espèces préférées par les abeilles présenteraient un bon potentiel de domestication marqué par leur préservation dans les agrosystèmes. L’étude recommande leur domestication afin d’améliorer la productivité apicole et de diversifier la production des agrosystèmes autour de ce parc. © 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Source title: International Journal of Environmental Studies
DOI: 10.1080/00207233.2017.1294424
Link: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85014785002&doi=10.1080%2f00207233.2017.1294424&partnerID=40&md5=1b34a7a0735ed0373deae88b00d28e81
Correspondence Address: Dongock, N.D.; Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université de NgaoundéréCameroon; email: dndongock@yahoo.fr
Language of Original Document: English
Access Type: Article
Country: ; Chad ;
Protected area: Manda
Main topic: Biodiversity ; Humans
Subtopic: Plants ; Survey / Monitoring ; Diversity ; Anthropology / Ethnoscience

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Abstract: Pericopsis elata (a.k.a. African teak) is one of the most valuable timber species in Central Africa. Like other shade intolerant tropical tree species, P. elata could play a vital role in economic development, and ecological sustainability, but regenerates poorly following selective logging. Now endangered, there is a critical need for sustainable silvicultural systems to restore this once prominent timber species. To assess management options for P. elata we analyzed growth performance and survival in primary and secondary forest plots under burning and weeding treatments in Yoko Forest Reserve, Ubundu Democratic Republic of Congo. We transplanted nursery-grown seedlings of P. elata to experimental gaps and followed their growth and survival for 1 year. Seedlings in large canopy gaps 50 × 50 m were taller (mean difference; P = 0.006) and more likely to survive (mean difference; P < 0.001). Weeding improved both diameter (P = 0.024) and height (P = 0.007) growth rates; however, burning alone did not significantly improve the performance of P. elata seedlings. Our data suggest that P. elata regeneration is compatible with shelterwood harvesting and traditional swidden agricultural systems widely practiced in the region. © 2017, Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
Source title: New Forests
DOI: 10.1007/s11056-017-9594-4
Link: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85021112457&doi=10.1007%2fs11056-017-9594-4&partnerID=40&md5=fc0088d2fe882f06e85a3c89d8a53820
Correspondence Address: Umunay, P.M.; School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale UniversityUnited States; email: peter.umunay@yale.edu
Language of Original Document: English
Access Type: Article
Country: ; Democratic Republic of Congo ;
Protected area: Yoko
Main topic: Biodiversity
Subtopic: Plants ; Biology / Ecology

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Abstract: Forest degradation in the tropics is often associated with roads built for selective logging. The protection of intact forest landscapes (IFL) that are not accessible by roads is high on the biodiversity conservation agenda and a challenge for logging concessions certified by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC). A frequently advocated conservation objective is to maximize the retention of roadless space, a concept that is based on distance to the nearest road from any point. We developed a novel use of the empty-space function – a general statistical tool based on stochastic geometry and random sets theory – to calculate roadless space in a part of the Congo Basin where road networks have been expanding rapidly. We compared the temporal development of roadless space in certified and uncertified logging concessions inside and outside areas declared IFL in 2000. Inside IFLs, road-network expansion led to a decrease in roadless space by more than half from 1999 to 2007. After 2007, loss leveled out in most areas to close to 0 due to an equilibrium between newly built roads and abandoned roads that became revegetated. However, concessions in IFL certified by FSC since around 2007 continuously lost roadless space and reached a level comparable to all other concessions. Only national parks remained mostly roadless. We recommend that forest-management policies make the preservation of large connected forest areas a top priority by effectively monitoring – and limiting – the occupation of space by roads that are permanently accessible. © 2016 The Authors. Conservation Biology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society for Conservation Biology
Source title: Conservation Biology
DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12815
Link: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85006132146&doi=10.1111%2fcobi.12815&partnerID=40&md5=a8e2d373b042f4c93d8260c4254ea073
Correspondence Address: Kleinschroth, F.; CIRAD, Forêts et Sociétés, France; email: fritz.kln@gmail.com
Language of Original Document: English
Access Type: Article
Country: ; Cameroon ; Central African Republic ; Republic of Congo ;
Protected area: Dja ; Boumba Bek ; Lobéké ; Dzanga-Sangha ; Nouabalé-Ndoki ; Odzala Kokoua
Main topic: Environment
Subtopic: Land use / cover ; Roads

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Abstract: Honey represents a highly nutritious resource for animals, but is difficult to obtain given bees' defensive strategies. We investigated exploitation of the underground nests of stingless bees (Meliplebeia lendliana) by three sympatric consumers in Loango National Park, Gabon: the central African chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes troglodytes), forest elephant (Loxodonta cyclotis) and honey badger (Mellivora capensis). Given the differences in their respective morphological traits and sensory abilities, we hypothesized that chimpanzees would be more limited in digging out the bee nests, compared to the other two competitors, and would show behavioral strategies to overcome such constraints. Our dataset comprised camera trap footage recorded over 60 mo at 100 different bee nests. Chimpanzees visited the nests more often than the other consumers, showing a frequency of extraction success comparable to that observed in honey badgers, the most efficient digger. Both chimpanzees and honey badgers increased their extractive attempts across the dry season, whereas elephants did not. The soil hardness was greater during the dry season than the wet season and, possibly in order to compensate for this, chimpanzees showed a tendency toward digging at nests found in relatively softer soil. They also seemed to be inhibited by indirect cues left by other consumers, possibly as a risk-avoidance strategy. Overall, chimpanzees and honey badgers extracted the underground nests of stingless bees with similar frequencies, whilst forest elephants did so only occasionally. Moreover, chimpanzees can use tools and other behavioral strategies to overcome the physical limitations that may constrain their exploitation of this resource. © 2016 The Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation
Source title: Biotropica
DOI: 10.1111/btp.12354
Link: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84994501910&doi=10.1111%2fbtp.12354&partnerID=40&md5=b7a67d3eef1a6d6a049a2527e3f1f846
Correspondence Address: Estienne, V.; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Germany; email: vittoria_estienne@eva.mpg.de
Language of Original Document: English
Access Type: Article
Country: ; Gabon ;
Protected area: Loango
Main topic: Biodiversity
Subtopic: Animals ; Vertebrates ; Mammals ; Primates ; Ungulates ; Elephants ; Carnivores ; Invertebrates ; Biology / Ecology