{"id":173,"date":"2015-08-21T13:11:54","date_gmt":"2015-08-21T12:11:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.gembloux.ulg.ac.be\/sima\/?page_id=173"},"modified":"2021-10-06T13:42:10","modified_gmt":"2021-10-06T12:42:10","slug":"doctoratmlv","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.gembloux.ulg.ac.be\/sima\/doctoratmlv\/","title":{"rendered":"Marie-Laure Vanrobays"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 hundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-overflow:visible;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last fusion-column-no-min-height\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><h4>Relations entre les \u00e9missions de m\u00e9thane des bovins laitiers et le management des troupeaux<\/h4>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_1_3 1_3 fusion-one-third fusion-column-first\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;width:30.6666%; margin-right: 4%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\"><h5>Promoteurs<\/h5>\n<p><a title=\"R\u00e9pertoire ULg\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ulg.ac.be\/cms\/c_6099593\/fr\/repertoire-personnel?userLogin=U300647\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nicolas Gengler<\/a> &#8211; <a title=\"Axe Ing\u00e9nierie des productions animales\" href=\"http:\/\/www.gembloux.ulg.ac.be\/zt\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Productions animales<\/a><br \/>\n<a title=\"R\u00e9pertoire ULg\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ulg.ac.be\/cms\/c_6099593\/fr\/repertoire-personnel?userLogin=U301429\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Soyeurt<\/a><\/p>\n<h5>Comit\u00e9 de th\u00e8se<\/h5>\n<p>Yves Beckers<br \/>\nEric Froidmont (CRA-W)<br \/>\nDidier Stilmant (CRA-W)<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-2 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-last fusion-column-no-min-height\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-3\"><h4>Th\u00e9matique<\/h4>\n<p>Essentiellement en raison de la m\u00e9thanogen\u00e8se des ruminants, l\u2019\u00e9levage est responsable d\u2019une part importante des \u00e9missions de CH<sub>4<\/sub> dans le monde. Le CH<sub>4<\/sub> ent\u00e9rique est principalement produit au cours de la digestion microbienne des aliments dans le rumen. Le CH<sub>4<\/sub> est l\u2019un des principaux gaz \u00e0 effet de serre (GES) avec le gaz carbonique et l\u2019oxyde nitreux. Au sein du secteur laitier, les \u00e9missions de CH<sub>4<\/sub> repr\u00e9sentent environ 50% des \u00e9missions de GES dans le monde (FAO, 2010). De ce fait, les bovins laitiers contribuent au r\u00e9chauffement climatique de notre plan\u00e8te. De plus, les \u00e9missions de CH<sub>4<\/sub> repr\u00e9sentent des pertes \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques importantes pour les vaches laiti\u00e8res (de 2 \u00e0 12% de l\u2019\u00e9nergie brute ing\u00e9r\u00e9e\u00a0; Johnson &amp; Johnson, 1995). Ainsi, afin d\u2019am\u00e9liorer les performances de durabilit\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00e9levage laitier, il est n\u00e9cessaire d\u2019identifier et d\u2019\u00e9tudier diff\u00e9rentes approches qui permettront de r\u00e9duire les \u00e9missions de CH<sub>4<\/sub> des bovins laitiers.<\/p>\n<p>Pour atteindre cet objectif, il est primordial de mesurer les \u00e9missions de CH<sub>4<\/sub> des bovins. Or, les syst\u00e8mes actuels de mesure <em>in vivo<\/em> de ces \u00e9missions ne peuvent \u00eatre r\u00e9alis\u00e9s que sur un nombre limit\u00e9 d\u2019animaux. Il est donc n\u00e9cessaire de mettre en place une alternative \u00e0 ces syst\u00e8mes de mesure afin de pouvoir estimer les \u00e9missions journali\u00e8res de CH<sub>4<\/sub> des bovins \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle. Pour cela, des investigations sont men\u00e9es dans le cadre du projet \u00ab\u00a0M\u00e9thaMilk\u00a0\u00bb en collaboration avec le projet ITN Marie Curie \u00ab\u00a0GreenHouseMilk\u00a0\u00bb et le centre de recherches Teagasc (Irelande) afin de d\u00e9velopper une \u00e9quation qui permet de pr\u00e9dire les \u00e9missions individuelles de CH<sub>4<\/sub> par les bovins laitiers \u00e0 partir du spectre en moyen infrarouge (MIR) du lait et du stade de lactation de l\u2019animal. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 sa rapidit\u00e9 et \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que cette technique est largement utilis\u00e9e par les laboratoires laitiers notamment dans le cadre du contr\u00f4le laitier, le d\u00e9veloppement d\u2019une telle \u00e9quation permet de pr\u00e9dire \u00e0 large \u00e9chelle les \u00e9missions individuelles de CH<sub>4<\/sub> par les vaches laiti\u00e8res. Ainsi, cette \u00e9quation peut \u00eatre appliqu\u00e9e sur la base de donn\u00e9es spectrales li\u00e9e au contr\u00f4le laitier wallon (\u00b1 3.000.000 spectres) afin d\u2019\u00e9tudier \u00e0 tr\u00e8s large \u00e9chelle les variations des \u00e9missions individuelles de CH<sub>4<\/sub> par les vaches laiti\u00e8res.<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019objectif g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de cette th\u00e8se de doctorat est d\u2019optimiser les indicateurs de l\u2019efficience des bovins laitiers et de d\u00e9velopper des outils permettant d\u2019am\u00e9liorer cette efficience alimentaire. Pour atteindre cet objectif, les indicateurs de l\u2019efficience alimentaire (pr\u00e9dictions infrarouges des \u00e9missions de CH<sub>4<\/sub> et mati\u00e8re s\u00e8che ing\u00e9r\u00e9e (MSI) attendue par les bovins laitiers) pourront \u00eatre mises en relation avec diff\u00e9rents facteurs caract\u00e9risant\/influen\u00e7ant les troupeaux laitiers (acides gras du lait, donn\u00e9es m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques, balance \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, etc.). Sur base de ces recherches, des outils d\u2019aide \u00e0 la gestion des troupeaux laitiers pourront \u00eatre d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s en vue d\u2019am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficience alimentaire des vaches laiti\u00e8res.<\/p>\n<h4>En collaboration<\/h4>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cra.wallonie.be\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-106\" src=\"http:\/\/www.gembloux.ulg.ac.be\/sima\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/38\/2015\/09\/Cra-W.png\" alt=\"Cra-W\" width=\"273\" height=\"242\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-173","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Marie-Laure Vanrobays - 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