{"id":2937,"date":"2024-12-04T18:49:52","date_gmt":"2024-12-04T17:49:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.gembloux.ulg.ac.be\/faunefac\/?page_id=2937"},"modified":"2025-02-25T15:17:22","modified_gmt":"2025-02-25T14:17:22","slug":"identification_especes_adne","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.gembloux.ulg.ac.be\/faunefac\/identification_especes_adne\/","title":{"rendered":"Identification des esp\u00e8ces"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--link_color: var(--awb-custom_color_18);--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-background-color:var(--awb-custom_color_2);--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\"><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1144px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-blend:overlay;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-custom_color_1);\"><p style=\"text-align: justify\">Les &#xE9;chantillons seront analys&#xE9;s par le laboratoire partenaire. <b>Trois &#xE9;tapes<\/b> doivent &#xEA;tre r&#xE9;alis&#xE9;es pour identifier les esp&#xE8;ces :<\/p>\n<p><b style=\"color: var(--awb-custom_color_3);font-size: 18px;font-family: var(--awb-text-font-family);font-style: var(--awb-text-font-style);text-align: var(--awb-content-alignment);text-transform: var(--awb-text-transform);background-color: var(--awb-bg-color-hover)\"><i>1. Extraction de l&rsquo;<a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;ADN&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Mol&eacute;cule porteuse de l&rsquo;information g&eacute;n&eacute;tique chez tous les &ecirc;tres vivants, cod&eacute;e par une s&eacute;quence de quatre bases (A, T, C, G).&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gembloux.ulg.ac.be\/faunefac\/glossary\/ad\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>ADN<\/a><\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Cette &#xE9;tape consiste &#xE0; extraire les mol&#xE9;cules d&#x2019;ADN pr&#xE9;sentes sur les filtres et &#xE9;couvillons collect&#xE9;s sur le terrain. Elle permet d&#x2019;isoler l&#x2019;ADN environnemental en vue des analyses suivantes.<\/p>\n<p><b style=\"color: var(--awb-custom_color_3);font-family: var(--awb-text-font-family);font-size: var(--awb-font-size);font-style: var(--awb-text-font-style);letter-spacing: var(--awb-letter-spacing);text-align: var(--awb-content-alignment);text-transform: var(--awb-text-transform);background-color: var(--awb-bg-color-hover)\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 18px;line-height: 31.6px\" data-fusion-font=\"true\">2. Amplification et s&#xE9;quen&#xE7;age<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Cette &eacute;tape a pour objectif d&rsquo;amplifier l&rsquo;ADN par des r&eacute;actions de PCR, en ciblant sp&eacute;cifiquement un ou des groupe(s) d&rsquo;esp&egrave;ces gr&acirc;ce &agrave; un choix de <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Marqueurs&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;S&eacute;quence d&amp;#039;ADN identifiable utilis&eacute;e pour rep&eacute;rer un g&egrave;ne ou une r&eacute;gion sp&eacute;cifique du g&eacute;nome&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gembloux.ulg.ac.be\/faunefac\/glossary\/marqueurs\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>marqueurs<\/a>. L&rsquo;amplification permet d&rsquo;obtenir un nombre suffisant de fragments d&rsquo;ADN pour les analyses ult&eacute;rieures.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Exemples de marqueurs couramment cibl&#xE9;s pour l&#x2019;amplification  :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><b>CO1 <\/b>pour l&#x2019;ensemble des vert&#xE9;br&#xE9;s<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: var(--awb-text-color);font-family: var(--awb-text-font-family);font-size: var(--awb-font-size);font-style: var(--awb-text-font-style);letter-spacing: var(--awb-letter-spacing);text-align: var(--awb-content-alignment);text-transform: var(--awb-text-transform);background-color: var(--awb-bg-color-hover)\"><b>12S<\/b><\/span><span style=\"color: var(--awb-text-color);font-family: var(--awb-text-font-family);font-size: var(--awb-font-size);font-style: var(--awb-text-font-style);font-weight: var(--awb-text-font-weight);letter-spacing: var(--awb-letter-spacing);text-align: var(--awb-content-alignment);text-transform: var(--awb-text-transform);background-color: var(--awb-bg-color-hover)\"> pour les mammif&#xE8;res<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><b>&#x2026;<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Le s&#xE9;quen&#xE7;age consiste &#xE0; analyser l&#x2019;ADN afin d&#x2019;identifier pr&#xE9;cis&#xE9;ment les s&#xE9;quences d&#x2019;int&#xE9;r&#xEA;t pr&#xE9;sentes dans un &#xE9;chantillon. G&#xE9;n&#xE9;ralement cette &#xE9;tape est r&#xE9;alis&#xE9;e &#xE0; l&#x2019;aide d&#x2019;un s&#xE9;quenceur <span style=\"color: var(--awb-text-color);font-family: var(--awb-text-font-family);font-size: var(--awb-font-size);font-style: var(--awb-text-font-style);font-weight: var(--awb-text-font-weight);letter-spacing: var(--awb-letter-spacing);text-transform: var(--awb-text-transform);background-color: var(--awb-bg-color-hover)\">Illumina NovaSeq&#xAE;.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: var(--awb-custom_color_3)\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><b style=\"font-size: 17px\" data-fusion-font=\"true\">3.Tri et identification<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">L&#x2019;identification des esp&#xE8;ces pr&#xE9;sentes est r&#xE9;alis&#xE9;e en comparant les s&#xE9;quences d&#x2019;ADN amplifi&#xE9;es avec des bases de donn&#xE9;es g&#xE9;n&#xE9;tiques. Ce processus permet d&#x2019;associer chaque s&#xE9;quence &#xE0; une esp&#xE8;ce en fonction de la similarit&#xE9; g&#xE9;n&#xE9;tique.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Exemples de bases de donn&#xE9;es couramment utilis&#xE9;es :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">BOLD Database<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> pour les s&#xE9;quences CO1<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">NCBI GenBank<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> pour les s&#xE9;quences 12S<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><b>&#x2026;<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">&#xC0; l&#x2019;issue de cette &#xE9;tape, une liste des esp&#xE8;ces potentiellement pr&#xE9;sentes pour chaque station d&#x2019;&#xE9;chantillonnage est g&#xE9;n&#xE9;r&#xE9;e, accompagn&#xE9;e d&#x2019;un pourcentage de similarit&#xE9; vis-&#xE0;-vis de la plus proche s&#xE9;quence d&#x2019;ADN r&#xE9;f&#xE9;renc&#xE9;e dans la base de donn&#xE9;es. <\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Apr&egrave;s avoir obtenu la liste des esp&egrave;ces d&eacute;tect&eacute;es, il est n&eacute;cessaire de faire un tri a posteriori en &eacute;cartant les unit&eacute;s taxonomiques op&eacute;rationnelles (<a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;UTO&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Unit&eacute; regroupant des individus phylog&eacute;n&eacute;tiquement proches en fonction de la similarit&eacute; de leurs s&eacute;quences d&rsquo;ADN.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.gembloux.ulg.ac.be\/faunefac\/glossary\/uto\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>UTO<\/a>) et les s&eacute;quences d&rsquo;ADN de faible qualit&eacute; (nombre de s&eacute;quences insuffisant ou faible pourcentage de ressemblance). Pour ce faire des pourcentages seuils sont appliqu&eacute;s en fonction de la pr&eacute;cision souhait&eacute;e et du marqueur utilis&eacute;. Ensuite, la distribution g&eacute;ographique des esp&egrave;ces identifi&eacute;es est v&eacute;rifi&eacute;e pour confirmer leur pr&eacute;sence dans la zone d&rsquo;&eacute;tude, permettant de ne garder que les esp&egrave;ces pertinentes. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":308,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"100-width.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2937","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Identification des esp\u00e8ces - Faunefac<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gembloux.ulg.ac.be\/faunefac\/identification_especes_adne\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Identification des esp\u00e8ces - 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